Monday, May 25, 2020

List of Academic Geography Journals

What follows is a listing of important academic journals devoted to geography. You should be able to find most in large academic (university) libraries at universities that include geography departments.   General U.S. Annals of the Association of American GeographersFocusGeographical ReviewJournal of GeographyLandscapeNational Geographic ResearchNational Geographic MagazineProfessional Geographer General International AreaAustralian GeographerAustralian Geographical StudiesCanadian GeographerCanadian GeographicGeoforumGeographicalGeographyGeographical Journal of RGSGeoJournalInstitute of British Geographers. TransactionsNew Zealand GeographerNew Zealand Journal of Geography Human Geography Economic GeographyEnvironment and Planning D: Society and SpaceGeografiska Annaler. Series B. Human GeographyJournal of Cultural GeographyJournal of Historical GeographyPolitical GeographyProgress in Human GeographyUrban Geography Human Geography Related Annals of Tourism ResearchAsian and Pacific Migration JournalDemographyEconomic Development and Cultural ChangeEkisticsHuman EcologyJournal of Regional ScienceJournal of the American Institute of PlannersLand EconomicsLandscape and Urban PlanningNationalities PapersPopulation and Development ReviewInternational Journal of Population GeographyInternational Migration ReviewPlanningRegional Science and Urban EconomicsRegional StudiesSocial Science and Medicine D: Medical GeographyUrban Affairs QuarterlyUrban AnthropologyUrban Studies Physical Geography Atmosphere-OceanBoundary-Layer MeteorologyBulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyEarth Surface Processes and LandformsGeografiska Annaler. Series A. Physical GeographyJournal of the Atmospheric SciencesJournal of BiogeographyJournal of ClimateJournal of Climate and Applied MeteorologyJournal of HydrologyMeteorology and Atmospheric PhysicsMeteorological MagazineMonthly Weather ReviewPhysical GeographyProgress in Physical GeographyQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological SocietyTheoretical and Applied ClimatologyWeatherWeatherwiseWorld Meteorology Organization BulletinZeitschrift fur GeomorphologieZeitschrift fur Meteorologie Physical Geography Related Advances in HydroscienceBiological ConservationBulletin of the Geological Society of AmericaCanadian Journal of the Earth SciencesCatenaEarth ScienceEarth Science ReviewsThe EcologistEcologyEnvironmentEnvironmental EthicsEnvironmental PollutionInternational Journal of Environmental StudiesJournal of GlaciologyJournal of Sedimentary PetrologyMazingiraQuarternary ResearchWater Resources BulletinWater Resources ResearchJournal of Soil and Water ConservationJournal of the Soil Science Society of AmericaRestoration EcologyWild Earth Other - Technique/Approach AntipodeApplied GeographyCartographic JournalCartographicaCartographyCartography and Geographic Information SystemsGeographical AnalysisGeoworldImago MundiITC JournalPhotogrammetric Engineering and Remote SensingWorld Cartography Region-Based Annals of Arid ZonesArcticArctic and Alpine ResearchAustralian Meteorology MagazineChina GeographerGeographica PolanicaPolar RecordPost-Soviet Geography

Thursday, May 14, 2020

The History of Life on Earth

The Carboniferous Period is a geologic time period that took place between 360 to 286 million years ago. The Carboniferous Period is named after the rich coal deposits that are present in rock layers from this time period. The Age of Amphibians The Carboniferous Period is also known as the Age of Amphibians. It is the fifth of six geologic periods that together make up the Paleozoic Era. The Carboniferous Period is preceded by the Devonian Period and followed by the Permian Period. The climate of the Carboniferous Period was quite uniform (there were no distinct seasons) and it was more humid and tropical than our present-day climate. The plant life of the Carboniferous Period resembled modern tropical plants. The Carboniferous Period was a time when the first of many animal groups evolved: the first true bony fishes, the first sharks, the first amphibians, and the first amniotes. The appearance of the amniotes is evolutionarily significant because of the amniotic egg, the defining characteristic of amniotes, enabled the ancestors of modern reptiles, birds, and mammals to reproduce on land and colonize terrestrial habitats that were previously uninhabited by vertebrates.   Mountain Building The Carboniferous Period was a time of mountain building when the collision of the Laurussian and Gondwanaland land masses formed the supercontinent Pangea. This collision resulted in the uplifting of mountain ranges such as the Appalachian Mountains, the Hercynian Mountains, and the Ural Mountains. During the Carboniferous Period, the vast oceans that covered the earth often flooded the continents, creating warm, shallow seas. It was during this time that the armored fish that had been abundant in the Devonian Period became extinct and were replaced by more modern fishes. As the Carboniferous Period progressed, the uplifting of landmasses resulted in an increase in erosion and the building of floodplains and river deltas. The increased freshwater habitat meant that some marine organisms such as corals and crinoids died out. New species that were adapted to the reduced salinity of these waters evolved, such as freshwater clams, gastropods, sharks, and bony fish. Vast Swamp Forests Freshwater wetlands increased and formed vast swamp forests. Fossil remains show that air-breathing insects, arachnids, and myriapods were present during the Late Carboniferous. The seas were dominated by sharks and their relatives and it was during this period that sharks underwent much diversification. Arid Environments   Land snails first appeared and dragonflies and mayflies diversified. As the land habitats dried, animals evolved ways of adapting to the arid environments. The amniotic egg enabled early tetrapods to break free of the bonds to aquatic habitats for reproduction. The earliest known amniote is Hylonomus, a lizard-like creature with a strong jaw and slender limbs. Early tetrapods diversified significantly during the Carboniferous Period. These included the temnospondyls and the anthracosaurs. Finally, the first diapsids and synapsids evolved during the Carboniferous. By the middle the Carboniferous Period, tetrapods were common and quite diverse. The varied in size (some measuring up to 20 feet in length). As the climate grew cooler and drier, the evolution of amphibians slowed and the appearance of amniotes lead to a new evolutionary path.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The National Eating Disorders Association says that the...

The National Eating Disorders Association says that the average women is 63,6kg and the average model is 53kg. Magazines and social media display what they think is the perfect weight, height, hair colour, etc. and so many people are unsatisfied with themselves when they compare their appearance with that of society’s. This often leads unsatisfied people to developing an eating disorder. Having an eating disorder is a serious medical problem. They most frequently develop during adolescence, but can occur earlier or in adulthood and is more common amongst females than males. It is more than just a problem with food, they use it to try gain control and ease tension and anxiety. Some factors believed to contribute to development of eating†¦show more content†¦(Health, 2010) Source B Source: Website article Written: The Eating Disorder Foundation Article: About Eating Disorders: Causes Date: February 2014 Summary: Many people believe that having an eating disorder is all about the food and weight, but is actually more about emotions. They use food to manage emotional problems that aren’t necessarily about food. People with eating disorders are struggling with many emotions problems. It is deceiving as you don’t see any problems but that with food, so you need to determine the main issue behind the problem. Emotional Factors that can contribute to developing an Eating Disorder: †¢ Low self-esteem †¢ Feelings of insufficiency or lack of control in life †¢ Depression, anxiety, anger, or loneliness Interpersonal Factors that Can Contribute to Eating Disorders: †¢ Troubled family and personal relationships †¢ Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings †¢ History of being made fun of for their size or weight †¢ History of physical or sexual abuse Social Factors that Can Contribute to Eating Disorders: †¢ Cultural pressures that make thinness seem like the only option and making it seem like you have no choice but to obtain the perfect body †¢ Strict definitions that state a specific weight/height/appearance that quantifies being beautiful †¢ Cultural norms that value people based on how attractive they are and not their personality or qualities It is valid because it was written this

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Information and Communication Technologies Development †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Information and Communication Technologies Development. Answer: Introduction Internet of things is one of the next-generation technologies. It mainly consists of all devices that have been connected via the internet. In the year 2014, it was predicted that by the time we reach 2020, there will be over twenty-five billion devices connected to the internet of things (Bennett, 2015). These devices are the ones we use every day and are internet-enabled, or they could be devices that can only be used while connected in a networked environment. Internet of things just like any technology does not come without problems. Internet of things brings with it as many disadvantages as it does bring advantages. We are talking about billions of connected devices that means that there are as many interconnects. With all these devices connected, the most significant challenge that arises is how to manage these devices while ensuring privacy given the fact of the existing connections. Confidentiality of data, files, information, and users including their data is always a concern (Singer J, 2002). People share their data over the internet; names, emails, credit/debit card numbers, socio security numbers among other confidential info. Now, the question is, with all these shared data and the billion interconnections, how do we ensure that sensitive data does not fall into the wrong hands? Privacy of data and users of the internet of things Naming and organization of the devices connected to the internet of things Tracking and monitoring of connected devices Communication between all the devices Research issues related to Internet of Things In the year 2014, it was predicted that by the time we reach 2020, there will be over twenty-five billion devices connected to the internet of things. These devices are the ones we use every day and are internet-enabled, or they could be devices that can only be used while connected in a networked environment. Internet of things just like any technology does not come without problems. It raises concerns like: Naming problems can be resolved by use of Dynamic Naming System DNS, Devices that need to be connected to the internet will have unique IP addresses assigned to them. How will they communicate with each other midst billions and billions of interconnections? Communication between servers and client is provided by TCP/IP model. The client does not need to communicate to other clients as they are not offering any service. How will we keep track and monitor all the devices? This invokes the question of privacy of these devices and their users. How will the performance of these devices be determined and improved when the need arises? As technological advancements grow each day, more and more gigabytes of data will be sent to cloud thereby stressing the network. What of the privacy of all these devices? How will it be guaranteed? We can use big data and intelligence tools to alert us when there is a breach of privacy. Maintenance is critical. How will we maintain billions of connected devices? Internet of things just like any technology does not come without problems. It raises concerns like: Naming problems can be resolved by use of Dynamic Naming System DNS, Devices that need to be connected to the internet will have unique IP addresses assigned to them. From my vantage point, there's no reason not to utilize the admired Domain Name System (DNS), which is similarly also suited to naming fridges as it is Linux servers. Using DNS implies not creating another namespace for naming gadgets or making new conventions to determine those names, and we can depend on years of industry experience and aptitude. Communication between servers and client is provided by TCP/IP model. The client does not need to communicate to other clients as they are not offering any service. A typical model now expects gadgets to be customers that depend on the producer's cloud-based servers to work. For instance, my Internet-empowered indoor regulator and the application on my telephone that controls it didn't convey specifically, shared. Instead, each discusses autonomously with the cloud and meet there. Tracking and monitoring of interconnected devices This invokes the question of privacy of these devices and their users. Each machine that works in each market and division can be associated with the Internet. How would we track these gadgets, guaranteeing these billions of "things" are up? What will be best practices for observing for seizes or blackouts? There are likewise protection issues around following and checking that will probably rule the discourse as these innovations multiply. How will the performance of these devices be determined and improved when the need arises? As technological advancements progress each day, more and more gigabytes of data will be sent to cloud thereby stressing the network. What of the privacy of all these devices? How will it be guaranteed? We can use big data and intelligence tools to alert us when there is a breach of confidentiality. Maintenance is critical. How will we maintain billions of connected devices? We as a whole realize that unmaintained PCs have all way of stuff onto the Internet, and the vast majority of those have a working framework that is kept up by somebody. Interestingly, numerous IoT merchants have officially left the business, and their gadgets may well be loaded with bugs that no one will ever have the capacity to settle. What does that do to the Internet's ability to manage malevolent performing artists? Furthermore, by what method will execution and enhancement issues over the Internet be distinguished and settled in such a vigorous and quick evolving condition? Proposed solution to improve the solution further Major stakeholders in the field of the internet of things have already come up with set standards of how the internet of things will be operated and managed. For instance, Devices connected to the internet are named by use of an IP address which is unique to any single device that is connected to the internet (Tatnall, 2017). When it comes to solutions I would want to recommend on; I will use the issue of privacy. Internet providers, governing bodies and technology innovators have mostly taken care of confidentiality while coming up with their software and systems. However, the users ignore these standards and end up exposing themselves to potential privacy violations (BLOOMBERG, 2017). For instance, while using Gmail and on receiving mail, Gmail has provided a mechanism where all the attachments are scanned for possible malwares. Contrary, some users just download the attachments without scanning them and end up being privacy violation victims. Without imagination, our ability to see things as they might be and just as they are at a given moment cannot happen. Einsteins quotes Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world. For us to improve our imaginations, we must be very creative, and for us to be creative, we need to be open to the world of possibilities. All these we can do if we change how we perceive things. We should be free to everything, old, new, true, false and even factious things. To improve our perception of things we need to increase our knowledge. This can happen in many ways even without much efforts; reading a blog, a novel, watching a video, seated somewhere making observations, carrying out experiments among many other things. While conducting my research about the issues that surround the internet of things, I have increased my knowledge. I now know that the internet of things is already happening by us being able to connect to the internet every day as we go about our daily business. For instance, a learner in the US will comfortably receive help through video conferencing by an expert in the field who is in Japan (Panda, 2017). Video calling can be done via Google Hangout or even Skype. While doing the research, I can now imagine how business meetings can be conducted by a companys board members while everyone is miles away from each other all by use of teleconferencing technologies. The process of learning is continuous. I have been able to learn the issues that revolve around the internet of things. During my research, I have seen how system users make themselves vulnerable to attacks and hacks which would have otherwise been avoided. For instance, leaving your accounts logged in while you were using cyber services (Nayak, 2017). The next customer who comes has access to all your details even without struggles. I have learned recommended practices when it comes to the use of internet of things. For instance, Use of unique and a different password all together for your online sites. Logging out after you are done with an account, scanning any attachments sent via email before downloading them to my PC, making sure your PC has antivirus software and that they are up to date, etc. References Anokwa, Y., Hartung, C., Lerer, A., DeRenzi, B., Borriello, G. (2009). A new generation of open source data collection tools. 2009 International Conference On Information And Communication Technologies And Development (ICTD). https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictd.2009.5426732 Bennett, S. (January 01, 2015). The Internet of Things.Transport Topics. BLOOMBERG, J. (2017). 7 Reasons Why the Internet of Things Is Doomed. WIRED. Retrieved 18 August 2017, from https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/07/7-reasonsinternet-things-doomed/ Cheung, H., Elkhodr, M., Shahrestani, S. (January 01, 2017). Internet of Things Applications. Cybersecurity Risk Management Focus In Hitrust Catalogue. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://healthitsecurity.com/news/cybersecurity-risk-management-focus-in-hitrust Davison, R. Ethics and research methods. Proceedings Of The 35Th Annual Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2002.994382 Nayak, P. (January 01, 2017). Internet of Things Services, Applications, Issues, and Challenges. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (January 01, 2016). The Internet of Things: Seizing the Benefits and Addressing the Challenges. Panda, S. (January 01, 2017). Security Issues and Challenges in Internet of Things. Singer, J., Vinson, N. (2002). Ethical issues in empirical studies of software engineering. IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, 28(12), 1171-1180. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2002.1158289 Tatnall, A., Davey, B. (January 01, 2017). The Internet of Things and Beyond.